Process for the manufacture of condensation products of dicarboxylic acid anhydrides



Patented June 21, 1938 I UNITED STATES rnoonss Fon 'rnr. MANUFACTURE or CON- DENSATION rnonuo'rs on mcmoxn- 1c ACID .mmrnnmss Josef Binapfl, Krel'eld-Uerdingen, Germany, assignor to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, FrankIort-on-the-Main; gel-many No Drawing. Application June 29, lasaseml No. 733,126. In German July 1 2,- 193s The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of valuable condensation prod-. ucts by condensingorganic compounds, the a1i-, phatic carbon atoms whereof are all combined 5 with one another by a simple linking and in which at least one of these carbon atomsis combined with a at least one-hydrogen atom, with c p-unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides or 2 anthraquinone, heterocyclic compounds, such as picoline, quinoline and like substances of the type indicated.

. Among the,a s-unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides maleic anhydride, ita- 30 conic acid anhydride and citraconic acid anhyli dride are especially to be mentioned. Of the compounds capableof being-converted into acid anhydrides underthe conditions of the reaction maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid,.itaconic acid, citric acid and mesaconic acidmay be indicated.

.In many casesit is of advantage to'carry out I thereaction in an inert solvent, such as, for example, benzene, dichlorobenzene and the like.

40 The reaction can be acceleratedbyemploying elevated temperatures and if necessary pressure.

The temperature during the reaction may vary according to the conditions. Good results were obtained with temperatures above 80 C., the upper limit being given only by the decomposition temperaturesvof the reaction components and by the resistivity of the construction material. In general especially good results were obtained with; temperatures ranging from about 120 to so, about 350 o.

- An acceleration of the reaction can likewise be effected bythe addition of catalysts to the re action mixture, for example by the addition of iodine, sulphuriand the like. Catalysts of the "Friedel-Crafts type, however, are not intended to be employed. H i t t The formation of the condensation products, for example, in the case of toluene by means of maleic anhydride with the formation ofbenzyl ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, propylbenzene, iso-- claim. (01. 260 -123) succinicacid anhydride proceeds in with the following scheme:

, r t H The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention; the parts being by weight:

"Example 1 A mixture of 98 parts by weight of maleic anhydride, 1100 parts by weight of tetrahydronaphthalene and 0.3 part by weight of iodine is heated for 11-12 hours at 205-210 C. in an appropriate reaction vessel. Thereupon unchanged tetrahydronaphthalene and other foreign susbtances are removed by distillation.

About 200 parts by weight of a viscous yellowish brown mass are obtained asresidue, only part i of which. can be distilled without decomposition.

i The portion which can be distilled goes over as a viscous yellowish oil at 206-219" C. under a pressure of 4-7 mms. mercury gauge; this oil is acid in character and can form-estersand salts.

By direct titration it gives an acid value of280. When heated with alcoholic potash it gives an 1 acid value of 478, while for an addition product from tetrahydronaphthalene and maleic anhydride of the constitution C14H1403 an acid'value of 486 is calculated. A The portion which does not distil is amass resembling colophony, which on boiling with alcoholic potash gives an acid value of 470.

' Example 2 A mixture of 900 parts by weight of ethylbenzone and 98 parts byweight of maleic anhydride is heated to 305415 c. m the course of /2 hour in a pressure vessel- This temperature is maintained for about 40 minutes, thereby producing a pressure of about 32 atmospheres.

After cooling the resulting gaseous reaction products whichare present. in small quantities are blown oif. The clear reactionmass is freed from remaining unchanged ethylbenzene by fractional distillation. Small quantities of unchanged maleic anhydride also distil over with the ethylbenzene. About 163 parts by weight of a viscous brown mass are obtained as residue,

, which on distillationunder a pressure of 7 -8 mms.

mercury gauge at a temperature of 182-192 C. mainly goes over as a viscous yellowish oil (115 parts by weight). w 1

. The molecular weight determinations on this distillate gave a value of 195, while for a product of the constitution C12H12O3 resulting from the interaction of one molecule of maleic anhydride with one molecule of ethylbenzene, the molecular PATENT'QIFFICE accordance weight of 204 is calculated. Elementary nalysis of the compound gave the following values! Percent Carbon 70. 'm' Kvdrogen 6.

calculated for 0148120:

Per cent Carbon 70. 59 i0 Hydrogen 88 lowing values:

Per cent I Carbon 65. Hydrogen 6.42

calculated for C12H1404 Per cent Carbon 64.87 Hydrogen 6.30

An acid value of 503 was found for the acid Must a calculated value of 504 for a dicarboxylic acid of the constitution C12Hl404. The acid is accordingly identical with the already known -methyl- -phenyl-pyrotartaric acid. 1

c A mixture of 848 parts by weight of ethylbenzene, 116 parts by weight of fumaric acid and 3 parts by weight of .copper bronze is heated to 300-310 C. in the course of 25 minutes in an ap- 40 propriate pressure vessel, thereby attaining a pressure of about'40 atmospheres. After cooling the resulting gaseous reaction products are blown oil; whereupon the liquid reaction mass is separated from the copper bronze by filtration and the filtrate freed from the remaining unchanged ethylbenzene and fumaric acid anhydride'by distillation. 100 parts by weight of a brownish highly viscous liquid are thus obtained as residue. This liquid distils almdst completely in a vacuum of 8m. mercury gauge at 188-189" C. as a thick yellowish oil, which crystallizes gradually on prolonged standing.

Molecular weight determination of the new compound gave a value of 195, while for a com- I pound of the composition CuHnO: resulting from the interaction with anhydride formation of one molecule of fumaric acid with one molecule of ethylbenzene' a molecular weight of 204 is calculated. I

' Elementary analysis of the compound gave the following values:

Per cent Carbon 70.45 Hydrogen 5.69

calculated for CraHuO:

' Per cent Carbon I 70.59 Hydrogen 5.88

The compound crystallizes from iigroin in white flakes, melting at IQ- C. It is rather difllcultly soluble in cold ligroin and carbon disulphide. =more readily soluble in benzene and ether. --It dissolves gradually in boiling water. On cooling .75 the resulting solution the acid corresponding to while for an acid of the composition the above anhydride separates out in the form of a white, finely crystalline precipitate, melting at 148-l51 C. Molecular weight determination gave a value of 209, while for an acid of the constitution CuHuOr a molecular weight of 222 is calculated. I

Elementary analysis of the acid gave the following values:

In an analogous manner -y-phenyl-' 'y-dimethyl-pyrotartaric acid or the anhydride thereof can be obtained from isopropylbenzene and fulnaric acid.

Example 4 I A solution of598 parts by weight of maleic anhydride in 1000 parts by weight of dry acetophenone is heated to boiling for about 14 hours under reflux after the addition of 0.3 part by weight of iodine. 'I'hereupon foreign substances present and unchanged starting material are removed from the yellowish brown reaction mixture by filtration and finally by distillation. About 150 parts by weight of a. viscous yellowish brown residue are thus obtained and the residue is then treated with dilute sodium carbonate solution with the simultaneous introduction of steam. The resulting yellowish brown solution is separated from small amounts of unsaponified products and is boiled for a short time after the addition of animal charcoal.

After filtering and acidifying with dilute sulphuric acid a bright, somewhat yellowish product is obtained which is acid in character; it gave the acid value of 500. By repeated recrystallization from alcohol with the addition of decolol-izing carbon it is obtained in fairly colorless crystals.

Example 5 1000 .parts by weight of cyclohexanone are heated with stirring with 98 parts by weight of maleic anhydride in an appropriate pressure vessel forabout 2 hours to 230-240 C.

After; cooling the resulting gaseous reaction products are blown-oil and unaltered starting material, high boiling by-products as well as I Per cent Carbon 65.08 Hydrogen 6.42 calculated for Ci2Hl4o4 Per cent Carbon 64.87 Hydrogen 6.30

ing (1 hour) with alcoholic potash gives an acid A solution.

valueof 349: it is readilysoluble in benzene-and very difllcuitly soluble. in ligroin.

Example 6 900 parts by weight of dibenzylether are heated to 285-290 C. with l30 parts by weight of maleic anhydride in an autoclave provided with a copper lining during about -40 minutes. it pressure of about atmospheres is thus obtained. After cooling the gaseous reaction products are blown off, whereupon the components. of the liquid, brownish colored reaction mixture are separated by fractional distillation. 100 parts by weight of toluene, 260 parts by weight of benzaldehyde. 98 parts by weight of crude 'y -phenyl-pyrotartaric acidanhydride and 465 parts by weight of unaltered dibenzylether are thus obtained. By re.- crystallization from ligroin the -y-phenyl-pyrotartaric acid anhydride, separates in the form of lustrous needles melting at 97-98 C. The anhydride dissolves gradually in boiling" water. On

cooling the already known 'y-phenyl-pyrotartaric acid, melting at 160-161? C., separates from the Example 7 V 800 arts by weight of heptane (boiling point 98100 C.) are heated to 305-310 C. with 98.

parts by weight of maleic anhydride in. the

presence'of 3 parts by weight of'iodine in anappropriate pressure vessel during 40 minutes. A pressure of about 60 atmospheres is thus obtained.- After cooling the resulting gaseous reaction products are blown off. The remaining unaltered portions of heptane and maleic anhydride are thenremoved from the reaction mixture by distillation. A resinous, yellowish brown mass remains as residue, which does not distil unchanged and which on boiling with caustic soda lye produces a' yellowish sodium salt. It gives a saponification value of 495, while a reaction product of the constitution CuHraOs from one molecule'of heptane and one molecule of maleic anhydride gives a calculated saponification value of 565.

By employing 1100 parts by weight of paraflln oil in place of heptane 120 parts by weight of a dark brown reaction product possessing a saponiflcation, value of 240 are obtained. This product By'treating the product with" concentrated caustic soda lye a crystalline magma results, which consists essentially .of the sodium salt of the carboxylic A mixture of 1100 parts by weight of dry decahydronaphthalene and 60 parts by weight of citraconic acid anhydrideis heated to 290-300 C. in the presence of 03 part by weight of iodinein an appropriate pressure vessel for one hour, whereby a pressure of 30 atmospheres is obtained.

After cooling the resulting gaseous reaction productsare blown off and unaltered starting material removed by distillation. About 50 parts by weight of a yellowish brown, viscous residue are obtained as the reaction product, only part of which canbe distilled without decomposition.

The portion which distils (15 parts by weight, boiling point 204-209 C. under 6-7 mms. mercury gauge) is a viscous, yellowish oil possessing an acid value of 446.

The resinous portion which does not-disti1 gives i .an acid value of 435.

Example 9 A solution of 700 parts by weight of hydrogenated colophony (acid value 167, softening point 43-44 C.) in 300 parts by weight of dry benzene is mixed with 98 parts by weight of 1 yields a clear yellowish resin after melting. In

contradistinction to the starting materialit gives the following changed values: acid value 246, softening point 88-89? C.

Example 10 At a temperature of 340-350 C. and an overpressure of 30-40 mms. water gauge a mixtureof 98 parts by'weight of maleic anhydride and 700 parts by' weight of isopropylbenzene is led through a quartz pipe filled with pieces of quartz; Besides a small quantity of gaseous reaction products a clear yellowish liquid 1 reaction mass is formed which by distillation is freed from unchanged isopropylbenzene and maleic anhydride.

About 25 parts by weightof a viscous brownmass are obtained as residue which on distillation under a pressure of 3-4 mms. mercury gauge at a temperature of I'm-171 CQgoes over as a yellowish viscous oil.

.Molecular weight determination of this distillate gave a value of 218, the same molecular weight being calculated for a product of the constitution 0131-11403 resulting from the interaction of one molecule of maleic anhydride and one molecule of isopropylbenzene.

Elementary analysis of the compound gave the acid corresponding to the above anhydride separates on cooling from the solution in form of a white finely crystallized precipitate melting at 150-151 C. An acid value of 474 was found for the acid, the same acid valuebeing calculated for a dicarboxylic acid of the constitution C13H1s04.

The acid accordingly will be a 'y-phenyl-wdimethyl-pyrotartaric acid.

The structural formulae given in the present application are, to the best of applicants knowledge and belief, correct. However, it has been impossible to definitely determine that they are correct. Therefore, in case it is subsequently found that the structural formulae, or any of them, employed in the appended claims do not in fact correctly define the new products disclosed herein, then and in that event applicant wishes it to be understood that he intended that such formulae should define the products obtainable in accordance with the disclosure of this application.

following values:

-, Per cent Carbon Y 71.40 Hydrogen 6.40

calculated for CnHnOs Percent Carbon 71.56 Hydrogen -6.42

' The compound dissolves in boiling 'water. The

4" V I claim:

1. Process for the manufacture of a substituted succinic acid anhydride consisting in causing an aromatic compound containing at least one aliphatic side chain with at least one car-' bon atom carrying at least one hydrogen atom and all the aliphatic carbon atoms of the compound being connected by single slid compound containing no hydroxyl group, to react on material selected from the group ministingof an tsp-unsaturated dicarboxyllc acid anhydride and a compound forming an mfi-unsai'p urated dicarboxylic acidanhydride under the reaction conditions at a temperature aboye lr C.

2. Process for the manufacture of a succinlc acid anhydride consisting in caning an .aromatic compound containing at least are aiiphatic side chain with at least one carbon atom carrying at least one hydrogen atom and all the aliphatic carbon atoms of the compound being connected by a single bond, said compound containing no hydroxyl group, to react on material selected from the group consisting of :an nap-unsaturated dicarboxyiic acid anhydride and a compound forming an ,fl-unsaturated rllcarboulle acid anhydride under the reaction condiflmzs at a temperature ranging-from about .120 to about 350 C.

3. Process for the manufacture of asuccinic acid anhydride consisting in causing an aromatic compound containing at least one allphatic side chain with at least one carbon atmn carrying at least one hydrogen atom and all the aliphatic carbon atoms oi the compound bring connected by a single bond, said compoimd cmtaining no hydroxyl group, to react on l p-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride at :a temperature ranging from about 120 to about 350 C. 4. Process for the manufacture of a substituted succinic acid anhydride consisting in causing a "mononuclear aromatic compound containing .at

least one aliphatic side chain with at least one carbon atom carrying at least one hydrogen atom and all the aliphatic carbon atoms of the com angles v pound being connected by a single bond, ma compound containing no hydroxyl group, to re-' act on lap-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride at a temperature ranging from about 120 to about 350 C. y

5. Process for-the manufacture of a substituted succinic acid anhydride consisting in causing a mononuclear aromatichydrocarbon containing at least one aliphatic side chain with at lcastonecarbon atomcarryingatleastonehydmgen atom and all thealiphatic carbon atoms of the compound being connected by a single.

bond,.to react on ap-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride at a temperature ranging from about 120 to about 350' C. I I

6. Process consistingin causing an aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least one saturated .lide chain, to reacton an nip-unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride' at a temperature ranging from about 120 to about 350 C.

'1. Process consisting in causing a mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least one saturated side chain, to react on an lip-unsa v.uratedaliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride at a temperature ranging from about 120 to about 350- C. v l

8. Process consisting in causing a mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least one,

:210' 0., this product forming a viscous yellow-- ish oil distilling at 206-219 C. under a pressure of 4-! ms. mercury gauge and having an acid value of 280.

' JOSEF BINAPFL. 

